It’s scorching hot outside, and you get no relief when you enter your house. That’s life without an HVAC system. This essential system is an instrumental addition to residential and commercial spaces, especially in extreme conditions. Improper installation or lack of maintenance causes the following common HVAC problems:
- Dirty or clogged filters
- Refrigerant leaks
- Drainage issues
- Thermostat malfunction
- Electrical problems
- Frozen evaporator coils
- Dirty condenser coils
- A blower or fan issues
- Ductwork leaks
Drainage causes moisture buildup, which creates an ideal environment for mold growth. Mold in HVAC compromises indoor air quality and causes health problems. The moment you suspect poor indoor air quality or any other sign of mold growth, call experts for certified mold inspections in NJ.
Understanding Mold in HVAC Systems
What is Mold?
Mold is microscopic fungi that thrives in warm, damp and humid environments. It naturally grows both indoor and outdoor as oxygen and moisture are present almost everywhere. That’s why it is a common issue in residential and commercial spaces. Mold is typically black, white, green or orange in color with slimy, or powdery texture.
How Does Mold Spread?
Mold colonies release tiny airborne spores in the air. These reproductive spores land on surfaces such as floors, walls, carpets, furniture, and clothing. In ideal conditions, these spores grow into new mold colonies. You cannot see these tiny spores with the naked eye. Systems like HVAC systems play a role in spreading mold spores.
Why HVAC Systems Are Prone to Mold Growth
Temperature variation in the HVAC system, especially during warmer months, causes this problem. Moisture in warm air passing over cold evaporator coils condenses into water droplets. Blockage in the condensate drain leads to moisture accumulation. Mold thrives in this damp environment. High humidity also makes an HVAC system prone to mold growth.
Organic debris buildup is food for mold. Not removing dirt, dust, and organic matter from the system also increases the risk of mold growth. Inadequate maintenance, standing water in drain pans, poor ventilation, and temperature fluctuations also lead to mold growth in the system.
Signs of Mold in Your HVAC System
Musty Odor
If running the system gives a distinctive damp or earthy odor, there is mold growth. If ignored, this musty smell becomes persistent and mold growth becomes a serious problem.
Visible Mold Growth
Dark patches or spots on drip pans, air ducts, or evaporator coils indicate mold growth.
Allergic Reactions
A family member with respiratory issues may experience the following symptoms due to mold-induced allergic reactions:
- Sneezing
- Wheezing or coughing
- Stuffy or runny nose
- Itchy eyes
- Worsened asthma symptoms
- Headache
- Skin rash, inflammation, and other allergic reactions
Increased Energy Bills
Mold buildup restricts airflow. As a result, your HVAC system becomes less efficient. The system is working harder. So, if your energy bills are increased, it may be because of mold growth in the HVAC system.
Respiratory Problems
If running the HVAC system worsens asthma, sinus infections, shortness of breath and other respiratory problems, it’s mold growth in the system.
Water Leaks or Condensation
Inspect for mold if you notice standing water, leak, or condensation around the system.
Poor HVAC Performance
Mold does not just restrict airflow. It can also damage HVAC components. It affects the overall performance. The system struggles to heat or cold your house.
Excessive Humidity
The system fails to effectively remove moisture from your space. So, the space may feel unusually humid.
Conducting an HVAC Mold Inspection
DIY Inspection Steps
Take the following steps for DIY HVAC mold inspection:
Turn the System Off
Safety is not the only reason to turn off your HVAC system. Keeping the system running spreads mold spores.
Examine Air Vents
Look for visible signs of mold or green, black or brown dark spots at the air vents. Dust buildup is a clear indication of mold growth. Check the vents for damp, musty smells.
Inspect Filters
Depending on the type of HVAC system, you can locate filters in the air handler, blower compartment, or the return air vent. Carefully remove the filter and check for clogs. Look for signs of dust, dirt, or mold.
Examine Drip Pan and Evaporator Coils
You can locate the evaporator coils near the furnace or in the air handler. Look for visible signs of dust, dirt or mold on the coils. The drip pan is below the evaporator coils. Look for standing water or debris.
Check the Condensate Drain Line
Inspect the condensate drain line for clogs and signs of mold growth.
Look for Leaks and Excess Moisture
Look for water stains, condensation, and other visible signs of moisture on the ductwork. Check for disconnected sections or gaps. Pay attention to all connections and joints. Carefully inspect the air handler and furnace, drip pan, windows, and doors for signs of leaks and excess moisture.
Inspect the Ductwork
Check ductwork for visible leaks or gaps, dirt and dust buildup, mold growth, sign of damage or any unusual noises.
When to Call a Professional
Call a professional for HVAC mold inspection when:
- Mold or musty odor is persistent.
- You cannot inspect hard-to-reach areas.
- You can see signs of mold in hard-to-reach areas.
- You notice recurring water buildup or clogs.
- You or someone in your family is experiencing allergic reactions or other respiratory problems when the system is running.
- There is an ongoing issue of water leaks or excessive humidity.
- The HVAC system is not working efficiently.
- Your energy bills are increasing.
- There is mold growth in the ductwork.
HVAC Mold Treatment and Removal
Safe and Effective Mold Removal Techniques
It is always advised to rely on professionals for HVAC mold treatment. Still, if you want to remove mold on your own, take the following steps:
- Make sure that you have a mask, goggles, gloves, and other pieces of personal protective equipment.
- Isolate the area to make sure that mold spores do not spread.
- Remove visible mold using a vacuum with a HEPA filter.
- Use a mixture of white vinegar and water or a mild detergent and water.
- Use a scrub brush to remove mold.
- Use a dehumidifier or fan to thoroughly dry the cleaned surface.
Professional Mold Remediation
Hiring professionals is the best course of action. Expert and experienced professionals are equipped with advanced equipment to offer comprehensive solutions. They ensure health protection and mitigate exposure risks. Professional mold remediation process includes:
Initial Assessment
Initial assessment involves using thermal imaging cameras and moisture meters to identify the presence and extent of mold contamination.
Containment
Professionals create a containment area around the HAVC to prevent mold spores from spreading.
Air Filtration
They use HEPA filters and air scrubbers to capture mold spores and improve indoor air quality.
Mold Removal
They use the right cleaning solutions, techniques and equipment to clean HVAC filters, vents, insulation and duct liners and other HVAC components.
Cleaning and Disinfection
Once mold is removed, they clean and disinfect your HVAC system to completely eliminate mold spores.
Drying and Disinfection
They thoroughly dry and disinfect your HVAC system. Using dehumidifiers eliminates moisture.
Inspection
In the final assessment, professionals run the HVAC system to make sure that there are no signs of mold. They may also perform air quality tests.
Preventing Mold Growth in Your HVAC System
Taking the following measures will help prevent mold growth in the system:
Optimal Humidity Levels
You can use a dehumidifier to maintain optimal humidity levels between 30% to 50%.
Regular Cleaning and Maintenance
Scheduling regular cleaning, maintenance, and inspection can prevent mold growth.
Change HVAC Filters
HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters can trap mold spores and other smaller particles. The frequency of replacing filters depends on the type of filter and usage.
Inspect and Clean Ductwork
Dust and debris buildup is food for mold growth. Therefore, inspect and clean your ductwork on a regular basis.
Proper Drainage
Properly clean condensate drain lines on a regular basis to prevent clogging. Clogging leads to water buildup and promotes mold growth.
Antimicrobial Coatings
You can prevent mold growth using antimicrobial coatings on components to inhibit bacteria and mold.
Improve Ventilation
Facilitate air circulation in the kitchen, bathrooms, and other areas that are prone to moisture. This ensures proper ventilation and reduces humidity.
Monitor and Prevent Leaks
Check for leaks and use proper sealing to prevent air leaks. Proper insulation reduces moisture buildup by reducing condensation.
Maintain Consistent Temperature
Reduce humidity levels by running your HVAC system at a consistent temperature. Running the system at a wide range of temperatures can lead to moisture buildup due to condensation.
Eliminate Sources of Moisture
Standing water, leaks, and spills can be sources of moisture in your space. Identify and address these moisture sources.
Conclusion
Mold growth is destined to happen in your HVAC system with time. However, preventive measures for mold in AC units can delay mold growth. Though signs mentioned in this article are easily noticeable, you cannot thoroughly inspect your HVAC system on your own as there are many hard-to-access components. Always rely on professionals for HVAC mold inspection and mold treatment.